How to inject a person...

How'>http://www.wikihow.com/Give-an-Injection">How to Give an Injectionfrom wikiHow - The How to Manual That You Can Edit
Too many people think an injection is a painful experience, but it need not be if the person giving it follows a few simple guidelines. Refer to the illustrated page for clarification.

Steps

1. Know that a hypodermic needle is nothing more than a precision-tapered steel tube that has been bonded onto a steel or plastic funnel. Notice how the needle tapers and keep this in mind when next you inject someone. Before you do any of the following make sure you wear disposable gloves to protect from infection.
2. Before you even think of injecting, inspect the needle and ensure that it is sharp and that the point is not damaged in any way.

Intradermal or Subcutaneous Injection

1. Disinfect the area around the intended site of injection with alcohol or whatever your particular establishment uses and do the same for your fingers and thumbs.
2. Charge the syringe with the correct quantity of the substance to be injected and discard the drawing-up needle. Fit a new, sharp needle onto the syringe and hold the syringe about 20 to 25 mm (3/4 to 1 inch) from the front of the barrel, where the needle has been fitted onto it, between the thumb and forefinger of your working hand.
3. Gently grasp the skin around the area to be injected with your "off" hand. Do not pinch!
4. Lift the skin up and notice the way the grain of the skin runs.

Intramuscular Injection

1. Grasp the flesh, starting with your fingers about 30mm (11/2 inches) apart and draw it together into a ridge.
2. Rotate the syringe so that the taper of the needle is on one side: it must not be on top or beneath the needle.
3. Insert it quickly, smoothly and surely into the skin and continue forward until the needle has penetrated to the desired depth.
4. Release the skin/muscle now and use the thumb and forefinger of your "off" hand to hold the front of the syringe, so that your working hand can move back to the plunger.
5. Pull back on the plunger to ensure that you have not hit a blood vessel. If the syringe does not draw up blood, slowly depress the plunger. Beware: some of the powder suspensions, notably the penicillin derivatives, are thixotropic and block the needle solidly when pressure is applied. The only solution here is to use a thicker needle. The oily injectables tend to be viscous and must be infiltrated slowly, to give the tissue enough time to disperse them.
6. Once the dose has been administered, press down over the site of the injection and withdraw the needle quickly, but gently.

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I want to be a politician

If you ask school going kids in Karachi or in any other city of Pakistan about their career aspirations, I can bet you’ll find a good percentage wishing to see themselves as Engineers and doctors. Then there will be some young bright students in the Clifton or Defence area who would (where the parents have inculcated in their kids the) wish to enter business, that’s what their parents have always pushed them for (promoted in). All these young brains hear on the dining table is how fascinating business is. Their parents have been prudent to some extent because that’s where you’ll find easy money; just kidding. People in business disciplines, marketing specially J (no hard feelings for the marketing maniacs) are always critisized by their engineering counterparts as doing nothing and making twice the money as they do themselves. The easy money part surely won’t be true but you can’t decline the fact that there is more money in business.

Well, here we’ve left a very special distinguished class of students who will be hard to find in Pakistan. It’s because they are studying in Harvard and Oxford, but they are very much Pakistani because they will eventually come back to Pakistan to take over the charge of the country. These kids belong to the elitist class, and their parents are the cleverest of all because they teach their children to enter a profession which many school going students, living in Pakistan, perhaps don’t even imagine. This profession, which is filled with glamour, power and money, is unfortunately accessible only to a few. But for those who have access to it, this is the best they can have.

Just imagine the beauty of this profession, whereas a bulk of our Pakistani brothers and sisters want to leave Pakistan and settle abroad, the few fortunate people who have access to this profession want to leave abroad and come back to Pakistan. Anyhow, the most amazing part of this profession still remains. You don’t have study rocket science, or be the brightest student in class to get into this profession. You just have to be a genius of the other kind. If you belong to this class, you don’t even have to go to Harvard or Oxford. All you need is a Bachelor in Arts, and you’re ready for the most exciting career in Pakistan.

Mom, I want to be a politician!!

By_ Prof.M.KAMRAN MUMTAZ

Whats going on in Iraq?

Last week, the Onion offered a satirical story with a Baghdad dateline: “After 19 months of struggle in Iraq, U.S. military officials conceded a loss to Iraqi insurgents Monday, but said America can be proud of finishing ‘a very strong second.’ ”
The sweep of coverage suggests that Iraq’s occupiers have turned post-invasion chaos into a hellish nightmare and perhaps a quagmire – and the consensus is that matters will only grow worse.
It was a heartening story last weekend, about the huge generator being installed, piece by gigantic piece, in Baghdad. When it comes on stream in a few months, there will supposedly be more than enough energy to power all the new gadgets that liberated Baghdadis have been plugging in.
No, it wasn’t a heartening story, either. Where was this generator when it was needed, about 18 months ago? Who was supposed to be in charge of seeing to that then, and why has he or she not been summarily fired?
Much of the good news from Iraq has been qualified or worse by a downside of this kind. Thus, if they hear a bang in the night, the people of Iraqi Kurdistan can now turn over and go back to sleep: It won’t be the death squads of Saddam Hussein anymore. But this new security has given some the opportunity to decide they want to quit what they regard as the failed state that has replaced the regime.
Iraqis complain about security but are positive about the future. They reflect optimism not only in polls but also in actions. The new Iraqi currency, issued on Oct. 15, 2003, at 2,000 Iraqi dinars to the dollar, is free of Hussein’s image. It is also free-floating, and even at the height of the April uprising and the battle for Najaf, it remained stable, trading between 1,400 and 1,500 dinars to the dollar. If Iraq is in trouble, don’t tell the Canadians: The dinar regularly outperforms the Canadian dollar on international markets.
Iraqis also express confidence with investment, which spans the country. Electricity is unreliable, so restaurateurs have invested as much as $50,000 for top-model generators. A new clothing boutique represents a $200,000 investment. There are new hotels in Najaf and Karbala. Cigarette venders have traded pushcarts for tobacco shops. Kurdish investors are constructing a cancer treatment center in Erbil. In the slums of Sadr City, houses cost $45,000, nearly double their prewar value. In the swankier district of Mansur, new houses sell for more than 10 times that amount.
Freedom matters. Before the war, only the top 3,000 Hussein loyalists could access the Internet. Today, more than 100,000 households have dial-up connections. This number does not reflect the thousands of young Iraqi men who surf the Web (and try to pick up women) at cafes that dot cities, small towns and villages.
During Hussein’s rule, 1 out of 6 Iraqis fled the country as refugees. Not only has there not been a mass exodus since Iraq’s liberation, but more than a million refugees have returned.
Even at the height of the insurgents’ bombing campaign, young men lined up at recruitment stations, not only for the salary but also to make Iraq a better place.

Written by,
Prof. Kamran

Economic crisis threatens the world

We are now witnessing what we haven't seen in more than a half century: a global financial crisis. And despite a recent stock market rally, there is no reason to think that the financial shocks have run their course.
Even if they have, the damage already done to the world economy is incalculable. Ten million more workers are unemployed, goods are piling up on wharfs, and economic conditions for hundreds of millions have become near catastrophic.
From the deliberations of a recent meeting of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank and the leaders of the main capitalist countries, it is evident that no one has a clue as to how to keep the financial turmoil and its ricochet effects within manageable bounds.
In fact, the only thing on which the participants could agree was that the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank should cut its prime lending rate, which it did. Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan, shortly after the meeting, announced an interest rate cut to 5 percent. Wall Street and other financial centers around the world, not surprisingly, greeted the announcement with delight.
But, coming on the heels of an earlier reduction in interest rates, Greenspan's decision is not a sign of the underlying strength of the global economy, nor should it be taken as an indication that the worst of the economic/financial shakeout is behind us. Rather, the rate cut reflects fundamental weaknesses of global capitalism. What effect this rate reduction will have beyond a temporary rebound in the stock market is not clear. We do know, however, that it provides no immediate relief to hundreds of millions battered by this financial hurricane. As events have made painfully clear, no country is insulated from the gale winds of the present global economic storm.
In the longer term, even with the best outcome on Nov. 3, the present moment urgently calls for new levels of militancy, new forms of struggle, new demands and new alliances on the part of the international working class. Labor cannot resolve the crises of capitalism; crises are built into the system and are inevitable. But labor can and must fight for its immediate needs. What is more, labor must also - and the sooner the better - fight for "Bill of Rights socialism" - the more basic solution to capitalist economic crises. This presents a big challenge to the international labor movement, but one that it will surely meet. Our own labor movement, especially since the change in the top leadership in 1995, is battling the transnational corporations and banks in a new way not seen for at least a half century - in some cases successfully, as evidenced by the legislative fight over Fast Track.
Similarly, labor in other corners of the globe is also fighting with a new resolve. To be sure, the process of globalization brings to the fore new difficulties for hundreds of millions of working people. But it is also enlarging the working class on a global scale, including in countries where the working class and its mass production sector formerly comprised only a small fraction of the population.
This is deepening international solidarity and setting the stage for new advances for the international working class.

Inside Pakistan

Pakistan, which consists of four provinces homes millions of its denisans.

After about 61 years of its creation once again it is in a plight.A feeling of malaise & suspicion prevails among its people.Even the newly elected government has failed to do a great deal for them & is totally dumbfound.

A beehive of problems surrounds the country, one of the major problems is the rise of terrorist attacks, a consequence of the war started by the government under international pressures. Now the attacks have spread to Karachi, Lahore & even Islamabad. No place is safe.

Moreover, recently their was contention between two sects in Karachi, causing bloodshed, strikes and a predicamence in a metropolitan city which is recognised as the heart of the city. Fortunately, now this rivalry has almost ended due to joint venture of certain political parties which include MQM & ANP.

It was very ironic when bomblasts occured in bombay affecting both Pakistan & India as Pakistan was blamed for the blasts. Much tension prevails between the two countries although many countries are trying to subside it.

It seems that there is a need of unity, patience & love among people which can only be possible if the people are brought closer to their religion.

Difficult & dangerous times lay ahead Pakistani government & it needs to move carefully & stop vacillating.

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